Genome sequencing is the act of determining the order of the nucleotide in a DNA molecule or an organism’s genome. The different sequencing methods have played a crucial part in the medical and modern biological fields.
DNA sequencing has enhanced biological research and the treatment of diseases. Also, information regarding nucleotide sequences has been crucial in biology fields like bioinformatics.
Below we discuss everything you need to know about genome sequencing.
Types of DNA Sequencing
The main types of DNA sequencing include;
First Generation Sequencing
This was the earliest sequencing technology and is the primary sequencing method. This sequencing is divided into the following categories;
- Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing
This sequencing method was introduced by Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam in 1977 and is based on DNA chemical modification. Chemical treatment is used to develop small nucleotides that develop a series of fragments.
- Sanger Sequencing
Sager sequencing requires the ssDNA template, and the DNA sample is split into four categories.
Next Generation Sequencing
First-generation sequencing methods have been supported by second-generation sequencing over the last few years. Next-gen sequencing cheaply analyses high data volumes and is called High Throughput Sequencing.
This sequencing is broken down into the following categories;
- Illumina
The illumine sequencing technology uses the synthesis principle incorporating nucleotides to create bridges on the phase substrate.
- 454 Pyrosequencing
Standard pyrosequencing uses the bioluminescence method that converts inorganic pyrophosphate to visible light. This sequencing manipulates the DNA using a limited amount of dNTP.
What does Genome Sequencing Look Like?
Genome sequencing is a detailed process that requires the correct input and patience. The entire process works in the following ways;
- Interpretation
- Sequencing
- Acquire DNA
- Informatics Pipeline.
Benefits of genome Sequencing
The main benefits of genome sequencing include the following;
- Acquiring information to enhance general care quality and make breakthroughs in medicine. This sequencing helps is important in preventative sequencing and improves targeted attention to the individual’s needs.
- Lowers uncertainty in different situations
- Improves the collective human knowledge and research
- It helps one to understand their genes better
- Provides essential information to future and current generations
- Helps in the understanding of the gene sequence collection.
Genome Sequencing Constraints
It is not advisable to carry out genome sequencing currently, as it can cost $30,000 or more. However, this process’s costs are expected to decrease in the coming decades, thus creating an increased demand for customized, personalized care.
Genome Sequencing Applications
Genome sequencing is used in the following ways;
Medicine and Diagnostics
DNA sequencing has accurate applications which help in screening certain genetic diseases, genetic engineering, and other therapy-based treatments.
Evolutionary Biology
The technology development has made it easy to sequence entire genome-related organisms, significantly benefiting phylogenetic and other revolutionary studies.
Forensic Science
DNA sequencing has different applications, like forensic sampling, among others.
Final Thoughts
Genome sequencing is becoming more common today, and it is hard not to see why. The above article has discussed everything you need to know about this sequencing; more information is available online.
